Placing Melissa in History

Climatic media has fallen in love with Melissa, many of them blaming “climate change”, i.e. CO2 for her strength and destructive power.  No surprise that Imperial College London (who foisted its covid pandemic models upon us) reports that its IRIS model confirms a “rapid attribution” claim.  No doubt there will be more such yada yada at Belem COP to stir up the faithful.

For the rest of us, let’s remember the saying attributed to George Santayana: “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”  For example, Melissa belongs to a class of stong Atlantic hurricanes going back almost a century.  Here’s a table of them along with peak sustained winds and the CO2 levels at the time.

Peak Wind CO2 Level
Hurricane Year mph ppm
“Cuba” 1932 175 308
“Labor Day” 1935 185 310
Janet 1955 175 314
Camille 1969 175 325
Anita 1977 175 334
David 1979 175 337
Allen 1980 190 339
Gilbert 1988 185 352
Andrew 1992 175 356
Mitch 1998 180 367
Wilma 2005 185 380
Rita 2005 180 380
Katrina 2005 175 380
Dean 2007 175 384
Felix 2007 175 384
Irma 2017 180 407
Maria 2017 175 407
Dorian 2019 185 411
Milton 2024 180 425
Melissa 2025 185 428

Note that all twenty hurricanes had winds ranging between 175 to 190 mph, going back to 1932.  Meanwhile CO2 has increased from 308 ppm to 428 (2025 ytd).  Note also the absence of such storms in the decade 2007 to 2017 despite CO2 adding 23 ppm in that period. The correlation between high wind speeds and CO2 concentrations is an insignificant 0.18.

Then there is the Global Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) report that includes the effects of both minor and major storms, combining strength and frequency.

I added an overlay of CO2 to illustrate how unlikely is a link between CO2 and storms.  Finally from Roger Pielke Jr. a chart showing ACE strength per hurricane:

The charts show that 16 is the average ACE per hurricane, in North Atlantic since 1900 and Globally since 1980.  The trend is not upward, and in North Atlantic appears currently lower than the past.

See Also:

Devious Climate Attribution Studies

 

Solid Arctic Ice Recovery October 2025

The animation shows the rapid growth of Arctic ice extent during October 2025, from day 274 to day 304, yesterday.  For all of the fuss over the September minimum, little is said about Arctic ice growing 3M km2, that’s 3 Wadhams in one month!.  Look on the left (Russian side) at the complete closing of the Northern Sea Route for shipping.

The graph below shows 2025 compared to the 19 year average (2006 to 2024 inclusive), to SII (Sea Ice Index) and some notable years.

This year October added 2.6M km2 from end of September compared to an average October increase of 3.4M km2.  The first two weeks were above average, before the refreezing rate slowed down ending in a deficit of ~0.5M km2.  In other terms the end of October ice extents were four days behind the average, according to MASIE.  SII started the same, but tracked lower in the second half of October.

The table below shows the distribution of ice in the Arctic Ocean basins.

Region 2025304 Day 304 Ave. 2025-Ave. 2007304 2025-2007
 (0) Northern_Hemisphere 7867621 8401977 -534356 8175072 -307451
 (1) Beaufort_Sea 975681 937777 37904 1038126 -62444
 (2) Chukchi_Sea 683493 466318 217175 242685 440809
 (3) East_Siberian_Sea 1087032 952325 134707 835071 251961
 (4) Laptev_Sea 849204 848501 703 887789 -38585
 (5) Kara_Sea 137515 478870 -341355 311960 -174445
 (6) Barents_Sea 1466 81088 -79621 52823 -51356
 (7) Greenland_Sea 351374 418343 -66969 443559 -92184
 (8) Baffin_Bay_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence 128777 247258 -118481 289374 -160596
 (9) Canadian_Archipelago 568663 740190 -171526 817220 -248557
 (10) Hudson_Bay 8609 66501 -57892 48845 -40236
 (11) Central_Arctic 3051977 3153485 -101508 3206345.33 -154368

Overall ice extent was 534k km2 below average or 6%.  Surpluses appear on the Eurasian shelf seas of Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian, while sizeable deficits are shown elsewhere on the Atlantic side, especially Kara, Baffin Bay, Canadian Archipelago and Central Arctic.

Illustration by Eleanor Lutz shows Earth’s seasonal climate changes. If played in full screen, the four corners present views from top, bottom and sides. It is a visual representation of scientific datasets measuring ice and snow extents.